Human Elements In Administration Essay

muckle atomic number 18 the most important element in an organization whether its a business enterprise, a discipline, an army or hospital. School decision maker and supervisors mustinessiness be prep atomic number 18d to deal efficaciously with the people relate because they have the most hindrance in chthonianstanding and dealing with the gentlemans gentleman elements of administration. The decision maker must understand certain fundamental concepts of motivation. He must have an insight into the nature of authority and influence. And most of in all, he must have the ability to analyze specific problems and to carry out his intentions successfully. skillful skills, administrative skills and human be skills are the three kinds of skills a successful administrator must possess. * Technical sciences pertains to methods, techniques and processes. * Administrative Skills ability to see the organization as an entity and the interrelationship of its divers(a) parts * H uman Skills refers to the ways of dealing effectively with people.3 Distinct elements*Skill in understanding the basic human forces active in the organization.*Skill in analyzing complex human situations.*Skill in implementing a plan of action.It is s nutritioner that man is a wanting(p) animal. As soon as one of his require is satisfied, an other appears in its place. Mans call for are organized in a series of levels or a hierarchy of importance according to the scheme of Maslow.Psychological postulate to be alive and to stay alive.Safety needs to feel safe from accidents or pain, from competition or threat. of his behaviour. Ego needs relate to ones self esteem and ones reputation. Self fulfilment needs for continued self development, for existingizing ones own potentialities.Understanding basic needs of an individual is important for the administrators and supervisors because going of those needs has behavioural consequences on the part of ones individual. It is in any case important to understand because of the fact that an individual whose lower level needs are satisfied, he is not any longer motivated to pander his psychological and safety needs. Rather, he shifts towards the satisfaction of the other needs in the hierarchy. Unless there are opportunities at work to satisfy these needs, the individual is strip and his consent behaviour will reflect the deprivation.A red-hot possibility of ManagementProposition on the theory of impudently cares task by McGregor harnessing human energy to organizational requirements are tell as follows1. Management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise money, materials, equipment and people in the interest of economic needs 2 A process of guiding peoples efforts, motivating, controlling their actions and modifying their behaviour to fit the needs of the organization 3. It is the responsibility of the caution to recognize and develop the individuals potential for devel opment, his capacity for assume responsibility, his readiness to direct behaviour toward organizational goals. 4. The essential task of management is to arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation in order to achieved desired goals and objectives.New theory of management relies on self control and self commission it treats people as a matured adults and it is management by objectives, Advantages1. it does not involve the relinquishing of leadership, the abdication of management or the lowering of standards 2 it is a process of creating opportunities, encouraging growth, releasing potential, removing obstacles and providing guidance Some applications of the new theory1. Decentralization and Delegation freeing people from too miserly control of conventional organization. 2. Job Enlargement encourages the acceptance of responsibility at the bottom of the organization. 3. Participation and Consultative Management people are support to direct their own creative en ergies towards organizational objectives and giving them some vocalise in decisions. 4. Performance Appraisal individuals are involved in in setting targets and objectives for himself and in a self evaluation of performance semitrailer annually or annually.Close supervision tends to be associated with full(prenominal) productivity, oecumenic supervision with extravagantly productivity. The importance of supervising subordinates as a theme are as follows a.) discuss work problems with the group, b.) group performs well veritable(a) when the supervisor is absent, c.) foster teamwork and group loyalty and d.) involves group participation in making decisions.THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SCHOOL FINANCINGThe welfare of the state depends generally upon the education of its citizens. Filipino people recognized the importance of sending children to nurture whenever and wherever possible. Our leaders and framers of Constitution see to it that the Magna Carta contains a provison that the s tate should pay and maintain a complete and passable system of education and rear at least free primary for all education of discipline age.Since school population keeps on growing and the salaries of the t individuallyers are keep on increase, more and more funds are needed. However, present financial susceptibility becomes inadequate and need to augment financial re rises to keep up with increasing educational needs. In general, the sources for government income for education are the following1. Taxes obligate by law for the support of the government such(prenominal) as the real property measure, specific tax, and import and export taxes. 2. Tuition fees imposed on students in public high schools, vocational schools, regional normal schools, and hire colleges and universities. 3. Matriculation fees collected from public secondary school students, vocational schools, and hired colleges and universities. There were also a matriculation fee managementd in the talk terms g rades but the fee was abolished by R. A. 4092 effective the school division 1964 1965. 4. Rental for lease of school sites and sales of schools products. 5. Land grants and donations. 6. Voluntary contributions. 7. peculiar(prenominal) fees such as heterogenous fees charged from college students for entrance, registration, library, athletics, and laboratory, medical and dental clinics, school paper, diplomas, graduations and R.O.T.C. raise for Elementary EducationThe educational Act of 1940 which themeized the support of all elementary schools in municipalities and municipal districts saved the situation for the poor communities. The Educational Act of 1940 forbids the collection of knowledge fees in the intermediate grades although it permits the matriculation fees in an amount to be determined by the President not exceeding two pesos for each pupil enrolled in the intermediate grades in municipalities and municipal district.The proceeds from this matriculation fee accrue to the fund of the study organisation to purchase of library books and equipment and 40% for financing athletic activities in the intermediate grades. While the acquisition of school sites and construction of temporary school buildings stay on the responsibility of the local governments. The law abolished the share of municipalities and municipal districts in the interior(a) revenue collections, percentage taxes on the agricultural products and income tax. backing for Public collateral SchoolsThe financial support for the maintenance and operation of public secondary schools provided for by the provincial and city governments. Generally, the majority of provinces do not have adequate funds to support the schools properly. This deficiency in finances gives occasional difficulty in the payment of secondary teachers salary.The sources of provincial income are the following1. Internal revenue allotments from the national government.2. Share from local taxes.3. Fees from service rende red.4. Income from miscellaneous receipts. plunk for for secondary schools1. Tuition and matriculation fee levied by the Provincial plank on all high school students 2. Board uses parts of its general fund in case of shortage or the Board passes a resolution increasing the rate of tuition 3. by means of the enactment of R. A. No. 3478, the National Government has been granting annual national wait on to general provincial and municipal high schools beginning with the school twelvemonth 1963 1964, primarily intended for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel office 4. Voluntary contributions and donations by private individuals and civic organizationsSupport of barrio experimental high school, the Bureau of Public Schools in its Memorandum No. 86, issued on haughty 1, 1966, states as follows1. The tuition fee to be charged should not be less than 80.00 a year. 2. 50% of the 10% real estate tax proceeds allotted to barrios in accordance with the revi sed Barrio Charter should be set deflection and used solely for the improvement of instruction in the barrio high schools. No amount accruing from this fund should be spent for salaries of teachers and other school personnel. 3. totally feeder barrios should share the expenses for the improvement of instruction, the share of each to be proportionate to the number of students from the feeder barrios attending barrio high school. 4. All resolutions of the barrio councils regarding the funding of barrio high schools should be approved by the Municipal Council concerned.Support of Public Schools in Chartered Cities1. Tuition fees and city funds 2. National Government allots lump sums as aid to cities for their educational needs. 3. National aid for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel. The law was amended by R.A. No. 4128so as to include all city high schools excerpt Manila and Quezon City.Support of Vocational SchoolsVocational schools usually come und er two categories the provincial trade school and the provincial agricultural school. The source of income comesfrom the national contribution, tuition and other fees and income from school products. The so called rural high schools which are agricultural in nature are jointly support by the provinces and municipalities and the National Government.Support of Normal SchoolsRegional normal schools are also national like the vocational schools. There are still seven regional normal schools located in strategic places in the country serving the needs of the students in the surrounding places. Sources of income of these schools are national contribution and tuition fees. The city or municipality where they are located may also appropriate funds for the normal training department.Support of circumscribed SchoolsThe Philippine Nautical School located in Pasay is back up completely by the National Government which offers courses for employment as merchant oceanic officers. The Schoo l for the Deaf and Blind under the Bureau of Public Schools is supported by the government with occasionally aid from the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes.Support of Chartered Government Colleges and UniversitiesThe support of chartered government institutions like University of the Philippines comes from the tuition and matriculation fees of students and comes from national funds appropriately annually by Congress. redundant aids for the construction, repair and improvement of the buildings are given in surplus legislation or taken from the pork barrel fund. The tendency of the point by these institutions is to increase every year. Thus, the burden of the National Treasury for the support of these schools keeps on increasing.Other Agencies in helping the Financing of Public SchoolsA number of foreign agencies give some material aid to the schools aside from the National Government. Among these agencies are the following * AID NEC provided in 1966 appropriations for buildings inc luding the constructions of dormitories and also for typewriters, mimeographing machines and professional books for the Bureau of Public Schools. * UNICEF gave aid in kind such as educational kits, globes, tape recorders, laboratory equipments and vehicles. * The American Foundation for abroad Blind donated Braille type writers, paper headsets, etc. * The Pilot use Nutrition Project (Bayaribang) is a joint venture of the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), The Food and Agricultural boldness (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO).These entities gave help in the form of technical services, training stipends, vehicles for supervision and various types of supplies and equipments for kitchen, laboratory and agricultural uses. * The Agency for International Development (AID), National stinting Council (NEC), and the Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) jointly undertook a textbook production fuddle which started on July 1, 1960 and terminated on June 30, 1965 to help solve the problem of wish of textbooks. The project was expected to print and distribute around 25 meg of copies of textbooks within a 5-year period at an estimated cost about 59.5 million.Support for Private SchoolsAll private schools, colleges and universities derive their income mostly from tuition fees and miscellaneous fees from students. There is no law prescribing the maximum rate of tuition fees so there is no uniformity and limit in the tuition fees being charged by private schools. Quality schools with good standards among the religious institutions charge relatively higher rates than the ordinary schools. Some of the religious schools are partly supported from their properties. Some non-sectarian schools operating specially for profit charged comparatively lower tuition fees and even permit their students to pay on easy instalments to attract as many students as possible.