An Overview Of Organic Foods Environmental Sciences Essay

Under the criterions that adopted by the U.S. Agriculture Department ( USDA ) , organic nutrients bring the significance that nutrients raised without chemicals and processed without additives. Man-made fertilisers, pesticides and antibiotics may non be used in raising organic nutrients. Besides that, usage of irradiation, biotechnology, and sewer-sludge fertiliser is besides banned. Farming patterns used before the 1900 ‘s are classed as organic. It was merely after this that added chemicals such as urea and DDT were brought into agriculture. By and large, organic nutrients included organic veggies, fruits, dairy merchandises, meat, and olive oil. Animals can be classs as organic if they are feed with organic nutrients like organic maizes and organic harvests. Based on the information of All for Natural Health, familial alteration is non allowed throughout the whole elevation procedure. Furthermore, additives and seasoning are forbiding to be added into meats. Because of these patterns, organic nutrients bring more nutrition and healthier if comparison with conventional nutrients. Some consumers believe that organic nutrients are tasty due to the agriculture and raising patterns. From a research conducted by Organic Monitor towards organic planetary market, single-digit market growing was observed for the first clip in 2009 because of the economic lag cut downing industry investing and consumer disbursement power. Organic nutrients and imbibe gross revenues expanded by approximately five per centum to 54.9 billion US dollarsA in 2009. Global grosss have increased observed each twelvemonth, except in 2009. Based on the information that collected by Willer and Kilcher ( 2009 ) , more than 140 states are now bring forthing certified organic nutrients with 32.2 million hectares of agricultural land being managed organically globally by more than 1.2 million manufacturers. The states with the largest markets are the US, Germany, and France ; the highest per capita ingestion is Denmark, Switzerland, and Austria which shown in the tabular array below:Table 1.1: The states with the highest per capita ingestion of Organic nutrients 2009Organic Foods Market in Malaysia It is undeniable that the demand for organic nutrients is on the lifting tendency in Malaysia. This lifting tendency fundamentally caused by the alterations of consumer life style as they are more concern about nutrients safety. Harmonizing to IFOAM & A ; FiBL ( 2003 ) , there are 600 hectares of land under organic direction ; with a portion of entire agricultural land of 0.01. Domestic production is mostly limited to veggies and fruit with perchance one organic domestic fowl operator in East Malaysia. Whilst turning, entire estimated norm is still statistically undistinguished ( UNEP/UNCTAD, 2006 ) . Most organic production is sold domestically with some being exported to Singapore. So far, thereA isA no dependable market statistics available. Some supermarkets such as Jusco, Carrefour, set up an organic corner to advance organic merchandises. Based on the information provided by Department of Agriculture Malaysia, Malaysia Organic Scheme ( SOM ) is a enfranchisement programme to r ecognize the husbandman who operates his farm in conformity with the standard conditions set by the national organic criterion, MS 1529:2001. An inspector from SOM will be send to transport out for farm review and the determination to attest whether a farm is organic or non is made by a enfranchisement commission consisting of members from assorted authorities sections. Once the application is successful, a logo of Organic Malaysia will be labeled on the merchandises. A merchandise with this organic logo fundamentally is more expensive comparison to others. In wide, SOM brings benefit to whole society because environmental pollution is minimized and consumers are assured that the merchandises they purchase are genuinely organic.Research BackgroundIt is a fact that the demand for organic nutrients are lifting dramatically in these few old ages. Foods safety and wellness consciousness are turning quickly in late old ages. Therefore, some consumers tend to buy organic merchandises whic h are healthier and higher quality. Under the 9th Malaysia Plan ( 2006-2010 ) that unveiled by the 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia, A Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, the authorities is aiming the organic agriculture industry to be deserving RM800 million in 5 old ages ‘ clip. The Ministry of Agriculture plans to hold 20,000 hectares under organic farming methods by twelvemonth 2010, increasing local production by 4,000 hectares per twelvemonth. Organic ingestion is expected to turn by 20 % per annum ( DoA ) . Besides this, authorities encourages little scale manufacturer endeavor into organic agriculture. Compare to conventional nutrients, organic nutrients bring a batch of advantages and organic agriculture patterns may minimise environmental pollution. Organic farming method creates organic veggies and fruit contains more 50 % vitamin, nutrition and mineral than farmed nutrients. With a chemical free agriculture method, organic nutrients may cut down nutrient toxic conditio n and forestall some diseases. Pesticides and antifungals are spray on veggies and fruits straight on commercial agriculture method and excessively much ingestion of these chemicals in long term can do malignant neoplastic disease because of it can non be to the full digest by our organic structure system. Therefore, organic nutrients are better pick to cut down the opportunity to develop malignant neoplastic disease. From environment facet, organic agriculture method takes good attention of dirt and land because it encourages the recycling of foods back into the dirt so it can really make better long term sustainability for our land resources.Problem StatementIn facts, there are many research workers making research on the facet of organic nutrients but there are non much research sing Malaysia organic nutrients market. This has triggered the involvement and avidity to analyze more about this subject. Despite authorities has mark to increase organic farming industry, but there are still some consumers do non aware about the particular properties of organic nutrients compare to conventional nutrients. Furthermore, organic market in Malaysia can be considered as little comparison to other western state such as United State and Australia. Besides than these, factors and motivations that influence families to alter their purchase attitudes from conventional nutrients to organic nutrients is besides one of the factors that triggered the involvement to analyze more about this subject.Research AimsThis research paper is conducted for the intent of: To place is at that place any relationship between 3 factors ( economic, psychological science, direction ) and purchase determination of organic nutrients among Malaysia families. To find what is the chief factor to act upon Malaysia families on buying organic nutrients. To research the relationship between demographic background ( age, instruction degree, gender and faith ) and purchase determination for organic nutrients.Research QuestionsBased on the research aim that stated in 1.4, this research will set up several inquiries: What are the relationship between 3 factors ( economic, psychological science, direction ) and purchase determination of organic nutrients among Malaysia families? What is the chief factor to act upon Malaysia families on buying organic nutrients? What is the relationship between demographic background and purchase determination for organic nutrients?Definitions of Key FootingsTable below is the list of cardinal footings with accounts of definitions that the writer will concentrate on in this survey.Table 1.2 Definitions of Key FootingsCardinal TermDefinitionBeginnings1 Organic Foods Foods produced without utilizing most conventional pesticides ; fertilisers made with man-made ingredients or sewerage sludge ; biotechnology ; or ionising radiation. U.S. Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) 2 Economic A scientific discipline which surveies human behavior as a relationship between terminals and scarce agencies which have alternate utilizations. Lionel Robbins ( 1932 ) 3 Psychology A scientific survey of human behaviour and mental procedures Feldman, ( 1990 ) 4 Management 5 Demographic A characteristic used to depict some facet of a population and that can be measured for that population, such as growing rate, age scope, income degree, and instruction background Laura Klappenbach, n.dScope of StudyIn order to increase readers ‘ involvement, this research paper is titled as multidimensional selling positions of organic nutrients. In a simpler word, this research paper is conducted to look into what are the chief factors to act upon consumer from Johor Bahru and Malacca to buy organic nutrients. Therefore, the lone dependant variable is organic nutrients purchase determination. Four independent variables had been established to mensurate this relationship. The four independent variables that have been employed in this research are economic, psychological science, direction and demographic. Survey signifier will be established and administer to aim respondents, family from Johor Bahru and Malacca province who age from 20-65 old ages old. 200 sets of questionnaires will be every bit distributed to aim respondents based on demographic background which is gender. In other words, 100 sets questionnaire will be distributed to male while the re mainder will reply by female.Significance of the StudyFirst, this research paper can be use as a mention to consumers particularly families who are sing to buy organic merchandise, this research might assist them through giving a clearer image about some elements and advantages of organic nutrients. Furthermore, this will take more pupils to take organic nutrients. Second, this survey of organic nutrients shall besides alarm organic husbandmans on some betterment needed. Through this paper, organic husbandmans will understand more about consumers ‘ consideration before they purchase. Some installations can be added to increase the production of organic nutrients. In add-on, organic husbandmans will be provided a clearer image about Malaysia organic nutrients market and organic label. Third, this paper shall give information to those organic nutrients retail merchants. Through understanding consumers ‘ outlook towards organic nutrients, organic nutrients retail merchants can pull off their merchandise from the facet of pricing, wrapping and labeling to excite gross revenues volume. In add-on, this may make more occupation chances and assist to foster better Malaysia ‘s economic system. Last, this paper can be contributed as a mention to future research worker who intends to carry on research in related field. This paper can be a guideline to assist researcher hold a clearer image and smoothen their research advancement.Organization of the ResearchIntroduction about organic nutrients and overall of this research are discuss in chapter 1. Organic nutrients market in Malaysia is defined here and follows up with research background that focuses on some information about organic nutrients. Research aims and inquiries are established in chapter 1 that discuss about aims to be step in this research. Chapter 2 is concentrate on the past literature reappraisal that are related to organic nutrients, which has been published by a big figure of research worker. The chief independent variables will be explained in this portion which consists of economic system, psychological science, direction, and demographic. A really specific account of each variable will be provided in this portion. Chapter 3 will calculate out the research methodological analysis that will be used in this research paper in order to happen out the relationship of independent variables towards purchase determination of organic nutrients. In add-on, hypothesis and theoretical model will be besides shown in this chapter. Apart from these, informations analysis method and trying design will be explained in item. Chapter 4 will continue with the analysis of the information that have been collected by utilizing Statistical Process for Social Science ( SPSS ) Version 18. Analysis of demographic background of the respondents is provided in this chapter. Chapter 5 illustrates the treatment of the hypothesis. Each of the hypotheses that established in chapter 4 will be farther explain in this chapter and follow by deductions. Furthermore, restriction of the survey and some recommendations for this research paper will be provided in this portion. Last, a simple decision will be usage to stop the full research.Chapter SummaryIn overall, chapter 1 has explained the definition and organic nutrients market. In this portion, the research worker has besides set up the research aim for this survey. In add-on, the definition of dependant variable and each independent variable has been explained in a table signifier. Last, range of survey and important of the survey besides has been explained in inside informations in this chapter.

P3 Unit 3

P3 Describe how Tesco uses market research to contribute to the development of its marketing plans. Market research: Is a big part of marketing, market research is when the company asks their customers or new customers to find out more about in the market in which they currently operate in or a market they wish to operate in. Companies may do this so they can reduce risk when bringing out new products. There are two types of research and two types of data. The first type is primary research.Primary Research is when the business or the worker conducts the research their self, therefore it is fresh data and it is current and applicable to their current market. Market research is conducted to gain a better knowledge of the market in which they operate in and to find out the wants and needs of the customers. Examples of this could be surveys, observations and interviews. Advantages of primary research are that it is brand new data in this current market and with current customers therefo re it is applicable to your business.The disadvantages of primary research is that it may take a long time Internal research could be when Tesco use past sales figures from with in the company and project them to find out cash forecasts or to analyse buying habits. This is internal as it about the business they work for not any other business. External primary can be used to this can be when Tesco can people who do not currently shop in Tesco or work in Tesco questions, they could also use Mystery shoppers as external primary as someone who isn't a stake holder in the business evaluates the business, this counts as research as they will find out about the branch they work in.Another of research type is Secondary research this is also known as desk research this is when the company uses published data which already exists, they do not need to go out and ask customers wants and needs, they can just use internet or books to find whatever they need to find out. This is the cheaper optio n. This will give the company a better view of the market however will not be exactly applicable to the business, secondary research can also be used when viewing a competitor, they can see their profits if they're a PLC company.External research can be sued in Tesco such as when they look at competitors (Sainsbury’s/ asda) sales figures or buying trends or growth figures. They may do this to see how their competitors are doing and see how much they're growing. Internal could be looking at past annual reports, this is internal secondary research as its has already been published and it is from Tesco’s. There are two types of Data type. Qualitative data is one type this is when the company uses questions which are open therefore they will gain true views and opinions of the customer. Examples of this could be interviews or observations.Qualitative data isn't easy to analyse or to put into graphs as it is someone’s opinion they may not be similar. Tesco can use th is by holding observations or interviews for customers, Tesco can use primary or secondary types as they can conduct the research by their self or they can use the internet to find out the answers which they require. In terms of Tesco they could have pressure groups, or observations to collect qualitative data. The other type of data is Quantitative data, these are figures and statistics which can be easily analyse and also be interpreted easily.If a large sample of people takes the questionnaire or survey then the more effective as there will be a better perception of the wants and needs of the customer. This can be easily put into graphs and be analysed. In terms of Tesco they can use this when their customers log into their club card account online, Tesco can track sales of a certain item, buying habits and they can target the customer directly by doing this. From this Tesco can do a sales forecast and help Tesco making decisions when buying stock.Reducing risk: Market research h elps company to reduce the risk when creating new products or buying more quantity’s of another product. Such as if they use the quantitative data e. g. buying habits. If Tesco see that one product is very popular they might choose to invest in a larger quantity. Limitations: When using market research there are some limitations such as money, time and validity. Money can play a big part when using market research as it could prove costly depending on the amount of research the business conducts.So if Tesco has 4-5 focus groups a long with interviews, then it would take a long time to do and it may prove expensive as one site has quoted ? 90 per person when using focus groups, if Tesco are going to do this mulitple times then it could prove costly. Marketing research: qualitative; x quantitative; x primary internal x/external research; x secondary internal x/ external research;uses x (reduce risk in decision making, measure progress over time); limitations (cost effectiveness , validity of data collected)

Kaplan and Norton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kaplan and Norton - Essay Example Their scorecard requires managers to answer the basic question for accounting: "How do we look at shareholders" The Kaplan and Norton describe the innovation of the balance scorecard as follows: "The balanced scorecard retains traditional financial measures. But financial measures tell the story of past events, an adequate story for industrial age companies for which investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not critical for success. These financial measures are inadequate, however, for guiding and evaluating the journey that information age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation." (Kaplan, Norton, 1996). So, the process of the Balance Scorecard planning helps to identify specific procedure and processes required at different levels of the organization. The organization's strategic, tactical, and operational goals and plans must be consistent and mutually supportive. There are four primary cells in the Balance Scorecard: financial, customer, process, and people/learning. In each cell, company should identify the key drivers that help translate strategic goals to operational accounting issues. Each of those goals would also have a set of metrics. For example, under customer metrics, a company might look at growth rate. (b) Using the balanced scorecard system allows the food retailer industry

Alternative energy ((wind power)) Research Paper

Alternative energy ((wind power)) - Research Paper Example Wind power is one of the oldest sources of energy. The history of the wind power dates back to 5,500 years when the first sail boats made use of this great energy. Around 500-900 AD, the first documented windmills made use of the wind power to grind grain as well as water pumping. Since then, the man has progressed in leaps and bounds: from the traditional windmills to the modern day wind turbines greatly harnessing the energy of the wind for its many uses. (Dodge, 2006) Wind energy has, however, gained prominence in recent years around the globe as shown in figure 2. United States was the second largest producer of the wind energy with an installed capacity of 40.2 GW in the world. Energy analysts state that the lands of the United States have a vast potential of wind energy generation. They believe that the best areas in US have the potential to supply 20% of the total US energy requirement. Likewise, figure 3 shows the current installed wind energy capacity as of 2011 with the highest wind energy production in the state of Texas. In March 2012, the US energy department announced a budget of $180 million to develop offshore wind energy projects. This will enable the country to diversify its energy production mix while as the same time move towards the green energy agenda (US DOE, 2012). The future of the wind power around the world is very bright with the growing demand of cleaner energy. Energy analysts envision the wind energy source perched on every rooftop-be it a business or a house, in near future. Dennis Noonan, owner of Blanchard Machine Development in Hillsboro, has completely revolutionized the technology of the wind turbines, shown in figure 2, which delivers more power with less wind. This will enable the future generation to extract more energy at less cost. (Augustine,

Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Undecided - Research Paper Example As international trade is complex and requires greater documentation and control, international commercial banks are actively involved in facilitating it by providing financial instruments that cater to exporters and importers. The role of commercial banks in international trade is of utmost important as they provide reliability and assurance to their clients, and provide an easy process to finance trade. This report will cover many aspects of international trade finance. It will focus on the financial instruments that are used to make payment in international trade, the parties involved in international trade finance, and trade finance methods. ... finances the trade cycle from the production till the goods are bought by the buyer and may require financing from the bank to support the production process. In most international trade transactions, the buyer and the supplier have separate banks that act as intermediaries to the transaction. Cash-in-advance The prepayment method involves cash in advance paid by the buyer to the seller. It is a risky and expensive method for the buyer but it may occur in cases where the seller is a long time business partner or a trustworthy party and the buyer is new in the market. In this scenario, the buyer will transfer the payment through his bank to the exporter’s bank account. This is the safest method of financing for exporters as they do not ship the goods till the payment is received from the importer. Letter of Credit A letter of credit is one of the most commonly used financial instruments in international trade. The letter of credit is a document that the importers bank issues pr omising to pay the exporter upon presentation of the relevant shipping documents such as bill of lading or bill of exchange in accordance with the terms agreed. This provides greater guarantee for the exporter as the bank is a more reliable creditor than any importer and it is easier for the importer as the bank will not release payment till the legal documents have been received. Although, this is riskier for the exporter as compared to the prepayment method, it is a secure was of transferring payment. The letter of credit stands even if the importer is unable to make the payment, thus the issuing bank is liable for the payment to the exporter and not the importer under the letter of credit. In cases where the exporter fears that the issuing bank’s guarantee is not sufficient, which could be

Further Computer Systems Achitecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Further Computer Systems Achitecture - Essay Example In order to overcome the limitations met by traditional architectures, IA-64 used a technique called predication where it could indicate which paths are being utilized and which are not. The paths that are in use proceed with their activity while paths detected as unused would be automatically turned off. Predication is an effective technique that allows the handling of complex activities when the computer pursues aggressive instruction level parallelism (ILP).2 Memory insufficiency is a common problem that traditional architecture cannot address because CPU’s run on faster speeds than usual. IA-64 resolves the problem by using a technique referred to as speculation.3 The purpose of this is to initiate loads of previous memory initiations even before the branch is required. This makes the memory available on demand. This also increases instruction level parallelism thus reducing the â€Å"impact of memory latency†.4 The â€Å"Nat† bits allow IA-64 to load data ahead of time without registering an error message.5 Traditional architectures have limited instruction level parallelism. In IA-64 architecture, processors usually include â€Å"128 general purpose integer registers, 128 floating point registers, 64 predicate registers and many execution units† to accommodate present and future requirements.6 This is especially important if the server handles huge amount of data at any given time. IA-64 architecture handles loops different from traditional architecture. The use of register rotation prevents code bloats by allowing the â€Å"pipelining of loops.†7 Unlike traditional architecture, each register moves up a notch. The last register will revert back to the beginning hence simulating rotation. In combination with the predication, the loop feature enables the compiler to create a loop code that is important in highly parallel forms.8 To further

Consultancy company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consultancy company - Essay Example The analyses are chosen because they will provide a clear picture of the business environment. They will also enable one to identify the regions that need to be changed for growth to be achieved. It is crucial to collect information about the tourism market, so as to know how to effect the planned changes. The information needed for the analysis can be collected by various means. These include use of questionnaires, conducting interviews and use of secondary data from various trade records and government offices. Use of PEST is chosen because it will enable the company assess the suitability of the external environment in terms of political, environmental, social and technological factors. This will influence the suitability for expansion of the business. SWOT analysis will enable the identification of strengths and weakness; whereby, the company can amplify its strengths and minimise its weaknesses. Porters five model will enable the company to come with ways to curb competition. Philip (2004) provides a clear and coherent illustration of the five forces. Valentine (2001) is utilised since it provides a resource based approach into SWOT analysis. Roy (2009) illustrates the current trends in tourism which might help Squire Limited in decision making. A graph showing the inbound visits to the UK has also been utilised (Janine, 2011). The tourism industry has experienced immense growth owing to the current government support and emerging trends. On the current trends, the proportion of tourists to the UK has been slightly increasing over the past year (Roy, 2009). Inbound visitors are expected to increase in 2012 due to the Olympics and Paralympics. Britain is also hosting the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee ceremony. The inbound visitors’ spending has also been on an upward trend. This means that the business will benefit enormously with the current growth in the industry. In the UK, the tourism

Case Study 2 -part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case Study 2 -part 2 - Essay Example The average for the machine type one is the highest at 639.093 parts per minute with the highest standard deviation at 60.481, meaning that it also has the highest variability in machine production. Machine type two on the other hand has the lowest average rate at 120.765 ppm and the lowest standard deviation at 13.73011 attributing to its lower variability in machine production per minute. Machine type three has an average of 156.48 in the sample, a close rate in the production rate of 155 ppm as noted earlier. On the production per day sampling, machine type 2 had an average of 120.765 ppm, while its official rating is 200 ppm. Having the number of observation, the production levels, and the time period worked by each machine type as one block of independent variables, and the machine type as the dependent variable, the p-value of the summary table shown above, that t-statistic is negative for observation and time period worked by the machine, but 0.558 for observation. This indicates that the level of significance is favorable for obtaining the observed results when the null hypothesis is true. As shown by table 4 above, we shall reject the null hypothesis which states that machine type 1= 700, as accept the alternative hypothesis which states that machine type one is not equal to 700. This is because the calculated value of p= 0.0000002 is less than p value=0.05. For the machine type 2, the value of calculated p is close to zero which means that we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis which states that Machine type 2 (rated 200 ppm) not equal to 200. While for the case of machine type 3 (rated 155 ppm) the value of calculated P=0.8258 which is greater than p=0.05 this prompt us not to reject null hypothesis and conclude that Machine type

Bodies, Sexualities and Identities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bodies, Sexualities and Identities - Essay Example Keywords: body, child masturbation, mind, sexuality Introduction I would like to use varying theories regarding Bodies, Sexualities and Identities. How have these theories transformed my understanding of some aspect of gender, sexualities, or identities from experience or the world around us is the main focus of this paper. There are varying theories presented by Locke, Freud, Rousseau and other theorists regarding bodies, genders, sexualities, and identities. Regarding this, it is important to integrate personal experience and other’s encounter with these aspects in order to somehow prove or justify the importance and relevance of the theorists’ ideas on the subject matter involving bodies, sexualities and identities. It is the intention of the proponent to justify that these theories are not hopelessly outmoded in today’s modern society, but in fact, would actually help the people understand the complexity and richness of ideas within the intricate subjects emb odied within bodies, sexualities and identities. Regarding this, the issue about child masturbation is discussed in detail. ... This is the first time that the very act of masturbation is illustrated in the scripture. This literature remarkably gave birth to a coined word â€Å"onanism† which in the modern times is strongly associated with the very act of masturbation or self-sex pleasure. This is of no surprise that masturbation was mentioned to be initiated by an adult. Onan was of the right and advanced age when he initiated masturbation by withdrawing his semen from the womb of his brother’s wife. Even in the times of Locke, Freud and Rousseau, masturbation was considered prevalent among adults as integral issue about sex. In fact, the idea about masturbation was strongly opposed within the classical period as it would strongly contradict with the ultimate view within religious principle. Even until today, religious individuals would most likely view at it as an act of immorality before God. Surprisingly, masturbation and even addiction with it in the 18th century was also associated with ch ildren (Egan & Hawkes, 2011). Today, masturbation is reportedly initiated by some children even at the age below 12 years old. Even then, this paved the way for taking into account child sexuality as an important area of concern among theorists like Locke, Freud, and Rousseau. It was of great interest to understand child sexuality in the first place as things in line with sexual matters would concern most about adults who are considered to be mature in this area. However, there are many things that need to be learned more about child sexuality as they are also humans who could be potentially sexually aroused at some specific point in time. This is the very point

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Research - Essay Example The detrimental effects of the continuous industrialization and modernization of the corporate world had turned the trend of the organizations and companies from the objectives of financial prowess solely towards expansion of aims and priorities in terms of responsibilities thus including the welfare of the environments and surroundings including the adjacent communities and other issues related to ethics and behaviours of the employees and the members of the company or organization. The CSR then can be defined on the basis of giving attention to three objectives that includes the profitability in the financial aspect, the social responsibility and the environmental issues and concerns (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). In the study that had been undertaken, the main objectives and aims include the research, analysis and presentation of data related to corporate social responsibility. The said concerns are achieved through the gathering of researches that had been conducted by different academic groups and authors and comparing results and methods that had been applied. Through the said procedures the areas that are covered and studied can be generally viewed. In turn then, the main output of the research conducted is the presentation of the view on the said issue at a glance. The review of the published papers in CSR can be considered to present an access that can introduce the data in the said field of discipline. In the review conducted, three published papers on CSR that had been presented after the year 2000 had been included and analyzed on the basis of different points. The research design characteristics are points that are considered important that had been presented in the research works that had been studied. The summary of the characteristics of the papers is presented in tabulated form (Appendix 1-4). The main issue that is discussed in the articles under study is the effects of CSR with other

Walker Evans Essay Example for Free

Walker Evans Essay Walker Evans was born on November 3, 1903 to Walker Evans II and Jessie Crane. He belonged from a well to do family who had a good earning back ground. He was best known for his documentation on the Great Depression. Most of his work was done from a 810 inch Camera. He died on April 10, 1975. Walker Evans was both an excellent art photographer and a great documentary photographer when he was working for the FSA photography unit in the 1930s. Perhaps this resemblance between documentary and modernist art photography can be explained by an analogy: modernists apply the documentary impulse to the world of nature, objects, and architecture by finding fresh visions of things that have been ignored, devalued, or taken for granted just as documentary photographers present new insights about people who have been ignored, devalued, or taken for granted. (Rachleff, Melissa, 7-8) Of all the documentary photographers, Walker Evans attracted the greatest attention. The issue his critics were most concerned with was that of the style less style. This was appropriate because Evans strove for the appearance of stylelessness. It was a concept he had gotten from reading Flaubert during his time in Paris in the mid-twenties. Evans said he admired Flauberts realism and naturalism both, and his objectivity of treatment; the non-appearance of the author, the non-subjectivity. (Rachleff, Melissa, 9) He did not take Flauberts apparent objectivity literally, however, nor did he have any pretense to objectivity himself. What Flaubert showed Evans was that art could adopt a style that mimicked the objective manner of strictly utilitarian documents without sacrificing aesthetic taste? Evans could adopt a documentary style without giving up his standards of formal design. I cant stand a bad design or a bad object in a room, (Rachleff, Melissa, 11) he said, and when something was wrong, he changed it. He also occasionally arranged people into what appear to be candid compositions, and when shooting interiors, he often used a flash, although he disguised its effects in his prints. Evanss critics in the thirties were fooled. They were ready to believe that he had achieved a truly style less style. Lincoln Kirstein, who helped organize a major show of Evanss work at the Museum of Modern Art in 1938 and who also wrote the after word for the accompanying book, American Photographs, led the way in establishing the myth of Evanss stylelessness? The greatest photographers, Kirstein said, achieve a large quality of eye and a grand openness of vision that, rather than giving their work the mark of individual distinction, gives it a generalized look as if it were all the creation of the same person or even, perhaps, the creation of the unaided machine. (Lincoln Kirstein, 192) In Kirsteins estimation, Evans was precisely this kind of great photographer. He recognized the futility of developing emotional response for its own sake, and he saw the significance of focus matter. In fact, said Kirstein, it is the creative selection of subject matter that really counts in photography, and in Evanss work, the wave-length of his Kirstein went on to discuss the frontality that gives Evanss work such a powerful sense of objectivity: The most characteristic single feature of Evans work is its purity, or even its puritanism. It is `straight photography not only in technique but in the rigorous directness of its way of looking. All through the pictures in this book you will search in vain for an angle-shot. Every object is regarded head-on with the unsparing frankness of a Russian ikon or a Flemish portrait. The facts pile up with the prints. (Lincoln Kirstein, 192) In fact, there are a few angle shots in American Photographs, but the point is well taken. Evanss frontal views appear clinical. Other reviewers of American Photographs echoed Kirsteins assessment. Thomas Dabny Mabry, an associate director at the Museum of Modern Art who had helped organize Evanss show there, wrote, Seemingly he arranges nothing, changes nothing, implies nothing. . . . The purity of Evanss work is not only apparent in the straight, unadorned technique, but in the point of view. . . . [The photographs] are never staged. He shows in all his work a reverence for the inviolable history of the object before him. Martha Davidson described Evans as almost always coldly objective and his pictures as free from falsification, exaggeration or distortion. (Thompson, J. , 149) Kirstein acknowledged, in passing, the influence on Evans of Stendhal, Flaubert, Degas, and Seurat, and in so doing he hinted that Evans had deliberately created his style. But the brief suggestion of an artistic personality was quickly obscured by a return to the theme of unvarnished truth: The pictures of men and portraits of houses have only that `expression which the experience of their society and times has imposed on them. (Thompson, J. L, 192) Kirstein also saw a moral component in Evanss work. He described Evans as a member revolting from his own class, who knows best what in it must be uncovered, cauterized and why. The societal sores Evans saw were the same wounds of industrialization that Stieglitz and his circle had protested. Kirstein wrote of the exploitation of men by machinery and machinery by men, (Lincoln Kirstein, 193) and of the vulgarity of mass culture. Although this tone of social criticism is unmistakable in Evanss pictures, his book is not a call to action; it is not a book that points to problems that can be solved by abolition of the sharecropper system, the establishment of work projects or migrant labor camps. It is rather suggested a book that testifies to waste, selfishness, and internal cultural rot. Testifying to these ills was, in itself, a moral act. This was not a view shared by everyone. For Edward Alden Jewell, Evanss testimony appeared so clinically detached as to be purely aesthetic and not moral at all. Jewell apparently saw in Evans something akin to the aesthetic vision described by Roger Fry, a vision that takes in everything with complete equanimity, without moral responsibility, completely freed from the binding necessities of our actual existence. Any moral implications drawn from Evanss pictures, said Jewell, are the spectators, not Evanss. (Blinder, Caroline, 149) Lionel Trilling also addressed the issue of Evanss moral vision in a review of Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, a book of photographs by Evans and Agee that presented Evanss photographs without any captions, followed by Agees lengthy text detailing the lives of three families of white, Alabama tenant farmers. Trillings review of the book is one of the few that gives equal weight to Evanss photographs and Agees text. The question he asks regarding both is how is the middle class to feel about the underprivileged? Trilling concludes that Agee, motivated by guilt, ennobles and thus falsifies the image of his subjects. He is able to acknowledge some of their very obvious faults, such as their racism, but he cannot acknowledge any of the more subtle manifestations of meanness of spirit that Trilling is certain are present in these people, just as they are present in any group of people. Trilling does not suggest that Evans does reveal the sharecroppers meanness, but he judges Evans to be more truthful than Agee and more tasteful, by which he means more tactful, just, aware, and respectful. Trilling is unusual in that he claims no objective detachment for Evans: You cannot be cool about misery so intense, (Blinder, Caroline, 150) he writes. Unlike other critics, he sees that Evanss rendition of the truth is a product of his intense interaction with his subject and not the result of a clinical eye. Trilling confesses that he cannot analyze Evanss taste and cannot say what the morality of his vision is made of in technical and aesthetic terms, but he does, nevertheless, point out one significant aspect of Evanss moral vision. Referring to the portrait of Mrs. Gudger, which impressed him more than any other, Trilling explains that by allowing his subject to compose herself before the camera, Evans allowed her to defend herself against itas she would not have been able to do had the picture been candid-and in so doing, she gained dignity. Trilling wrote, With all her misery and perhaps with her touch of pity for herself, [she] simply refuses to be an object of your `social consciousness; she refuses to be an object at alleverything in the picture proclaims her to be all subject. (Blinder, Caroline, 151) Evans enhanced the sense of truth in his art not through the illusion of the style less style, but by acknowledging his presence, by showing his hand. In addition to the morality of clear vision, one can recognize in Evanss pictures a set of permanent symbols of the culture. Kirstein was not claiming for Evanss photographs the transcendent universality that Stieglitzs critics claimed for his pictures, but he did see Evanss work as transcending the moment. Evanss pictures as quintessential examples of synecdoche such that the single house, the single street, strikes with the strength of overwhelming numbers. The work is a monument to our moment. (Lima, Benjamin, 102) The pictures in American Photographs showed bumps, warts, boils and blackheads of the American physiognomy, and that these were the characteristics of a submerged fraction of the culture rather than representative of the whole. Williamson did not question the truthfulness of any of the individual pictures Evans published, but he did imply that Evanss choices of subjects revealed a political bias. But Williamsons has been a minority view. As John Szarkowski wrote in 1971, Beyond doubt, the accepted myth of our recent past is in some measure the creation of this photographer, whose work has persuaded us of the validity of a new set of clues and symbols bearing on the question of whom we are. Whether that work and its judgment was fact or artifice, or half of each, it is now part of our history. (Lima, Benjamin, 103) Bibliography †¢ Rachleff, Melissa, Scavenging the Landscape: Walker Evans and American Life. Journal Title: Afterimage. Volume: 23. Issue: 4. Publication Year: 1996. Number: 7+.

How the US and Soviet Union Became Adversaries

How the US and Soviet Union Became Adversaries HOW THE UNITED STATES AND SOVIET UNION BECOME COLD WAR ADVERSARIES No one seems to be able to agree on an exact date of when the Cold War began. There was never an official announcement of warfare to note the start beginning of the conflict. Many say it began around the time of the Russian Revolution in 1917. Others say it began after World War II, when both powers tried to settle their differences and decide what to do with Europe. They entered World War II for different reasons: the Soviets because of Germany’s invasion and the United States because Hitler declared war after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Both were well ahead of other countries in many areas. However, after the World War their similarities ended. The differences between the nations outweighed the similarities enormously. Both countries had their own ideas as to how things should have been during the period after the war. This can be seen in the Potsdam, Tehran, and Yalta conferences. Also, they both tried to enforce their ideologies through events during the Iron Curta in and Marshall Plan. To begin with, many believe that conflicts between the Soviet Union can be traced back to the Russian Revolution of 1917, started by Vladimir Lenin. The ensuing civil war, in which Western powers unsuccessfully intervened, and the creation of Comintern, an organization dedicated to the spreading of communism, globally fuelled a climate of mistrust and fear between Russia and the rest of Europe/America. From 1918 to 1935, with the US pursuing a policy of isolationism and Stalin keeping Russia looking inward, the situation remained one of dislike rather than conflict. rom 1918 to 1935, with the US pursuing a policy of isolationism and Stalin keeping Russia looking inward, the situation remained one of dislike rather than conflict. In 1935 Stalin changed his policy: afraid of fascism, he tried to form an alliance with the democratic Western powers against Nazi Germany. This initiative failed and in 1939 Stalin signed the Nazi-Soviet pact with Hitler, which only increased anti-Soviet hos tility in the West, but delayed the onset of war between the two powers. However, while Stalin hoped Germany would get bogged down in a war with France, early Nazi conquests occurred quickly, enabling Germany to invade the Soviet Union in 1941. The Second World War and the Political Division of Europe The German invasion of Russia, which followed a successful invasion of France, united the Soviets with Western Europe and later America in an alliance against their common enemy: Adolf Hitler. This war transformed the global balance of power, weakening Europe and leaving Russia and the United States of America as global super-powers, with massive military strength; everyone else was second. However, the wartime alliance was not an easy one, and by 1943 each side was thinking about the state of Post-war Europe. Russia ‘liberated’ vast areas of Eastern Europe, into which it wanted to put its own brand of government and turn into soviet satellite states, in part to gain security from the capitalist West. Although the Allies tried to gain assurances for democratic elections from Russia during mid and post war conferences, there was ultimately nothing they could do to stop Russia from imposing its will on their conquests. In 1944 Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain, was quoted as saying â€Å"Make no mistake, all the Balkans apart from Greece are going to be Bolshevised and there’s nothing I can do to prevent it. There’s nothing I can do for Poland, either†. Meanwhile the Allies liberated large parts of Western Europe in which they recreated democratic nations. Two Superpower Blocs and Mutual Distrust World War Two finished in 1945 with Europe divided into two blocs, each occupied by the armies of, in the west America and the Allies, and in the east, Russia. America wanted a democratic Europe and was afraid of communism dominating the continent while Russia wanted the opposite, a communist Europe in which they dominated and not, as they feared, a united, capitalist Europe. Stalin believed, at first, that capitalist nations would soon fall to squabbling among themselves, a situation he could exploit, and was dismayed by the growing organisation among the West. To these differences were added fear of Soviet invasion in the West and Russian fear of the atomic bomb; fear of economic collapse in the west versus fear of economic domination by the west; a clash of ideologies (capitalism versus communism) and, on the Soviet front, the fear of a rearmed Germany hostile to Russia. In 1946 Churchill described the dividing line between East and West as an Iron Curtain. Containment, the Marshall Plan and the Economic Division of Europe America reacted to the threat of the spread of both Soviet power and communist thinking by commencing the policy of ‘containment’, outlined in a speech to Congress on March 12 1947, action aimed at stopping any further Soviet expansion and isolating the ‘empire’ which existed. The need to halt Soviet expansion seemed all the more important later that year as Hungary was taken over by a one party communist system, and later when a new communist government took over the Czech state in a coup, nations which until then Stalin had been content to leave as a middle ground between the communist and capitalist blocs. Meanwhile Western Europe was having severe economic difficulties as the nations struggled to recover from the devastating effects of the recent war. Worried that communist sympathisers were gaining influence as the economy worsened, to secure the western markets for US products and to put containment into practice, America reacted with the ‘Marsha ll Plan’ of massive economic aid. Although it was offered to both eastern and western nations, albeit with certain strings attached, Stalin made sure it was rejected in the Soviet sphere of influence, a response the US had been expecting. Between 1947 and 1952 $13 billion was given to 16 mainly western nations and, while the effects are still debated, it generally boosted the economies of member nations and helped freeze communist groups from power, for example in France, where the communists members of the coalition government were ousted. It also created an economic divide as clear as the political one between the two power blocs. Meanwhile Stalin formed COMECON, the ‘Commission for Mutual Economic Aid’, in 1949 to promote trade and economic growth among its satellites and Cominform, a union of communist parties (including those in the west) to spread communism. Containment also led to other initiatives: in 1947 the CIA spent large amounts to influence the result of Italy’s elections, helping the Christian Democrats defeat the Communist party. By 1948, with Europe was firmly divided into communist and capitalist, Russian supported and American supported, Germany became the new ‘battleground ’. Germany was divided into four parts and occupied by Britain, France, America and Russia; Berlin, situated in the Soviet zone, was also divided. In 1948 Stalin enforced a blockade of Western Berlin aimed at bluffing the Allies into renegotiating the division of Germany in his favour, rather than them declaring war over the cut off zones. However, Stalin had miscalculated the ability of airpower, and the Allies responded with the ‘Berlin Airlift’: for eleven months supplies were flown into Berlin. This was in turn a bluff, for the Allied planes had to fly over Russian airspace and the Allies gambled that Stalin wouldn’t shoot them down and risk war. He didn’t and the blockade was ended in May 1949 when Stalin gave up. The Berlin Blockade was the first time the previous diplomatic and political divisions in Europe had become an open battle of wills, the former allies now certain enemies. More on the Berlin Blockade NATO, the Warsaw Pact and the renewed Military Division of Europe In April 1949, with the Berlin Blockade in full effect and the threat of conflict with Russia looming, the Western powers signed the NATO treaty in Washington, creating a military alliance: the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The emphasis was firmly on defence from Soviet activity. That same year Russia detonated its first atomic weapon, negating the America advantage and reducing the chance of the powers engaging in a ‘regular’ war because of fears over the consequences of nuclear conflict. There were debates over the next few years among NATO powers over whether to rearm West Germany and in 1955 it became a full member of NATO. A week later eastern nations signed the Warsaw Pact, creating a military alliance under a Soviet commander. A Cold War By 1949 two sides had formed, power blocs which were deeply opposed to each other, each believing the other threatened them and everything they stood for (and in many ways they did). Although there was no traditional warfare, there was a nuclear standoff and attitudes and ideology hardened over the next decades, the gap between them growing more entrenched. This led to the ‘Red Scare’ in the United States and yet more crushing of dissent in Russia. However, by this time the Cold War had also spread beyond the boundaries of Europe, becoming truly global as China became communist and America intervened in Korea and Vietnam. Nuclear weapons also grew more power with the creation, in 1952 by the US and in 1953 by the USSR, of thermonuclear weapons which were vastly more destructive than those dropped during the Second World War. This led to the development of ‘Mutually Assured Destruction’, whereby neither the US nor USSR would ‘hot’ war with each o ther because the resulting conflict would destroy much of the world.

Video Analysis Of Billionaire By Travis Mccoy Film Studies Essay

Video Analysis Of Billionaire By Travis Mccoy Film Studies Essay Dreams of waking up as a billionaire have circled around the consciousness of many, especially through periods when life knocks you down and mostly to those who belong to an ethnic group that is looked upon as a threat to the society. The 29 year old Travis Travie Lazurus McCoy, in his twice Platinum (RIAA Gold Platinum, 2010), #4 Billboard Hot 100 debut single, Billionaire ft. Bruno Mars (Summer 2010), imagines what would happen if he became a billionaire. He references all the desires on his wish list and also mentions the good he would do to others with the money, along with his desire to be on the cover of Forbes Magazine and smiling next to Oprah and The Queen. An analysis is run through the artists desire of turning rich to make a change for the less fortunate African Americans who are mistreated daily. The Hip Hop/Rap single from the solo album Lazarus with a simple title Billionaire was co-written by the 7 Grammy Award nominee and producer Peter Hernandez of the Puerto Rican origin. His stage name in the music industry is Bruno Mars from the production trio of The Smeezingtons. Bruno has co-written many international smashing hits along with many famous artists like Flo Rida. On the other hand, Travie himself, who is of Haitian origin and who heads from Geneva, New York, wrote the other part. Travie has a legendary music background, tracing back to his career as the lead vocalist of the alternative hip-hop band Gym Class Heroes (Travie McCoy Music News Info, 2010). The producer is The Smeezingtons and the record label is the New York based Fueled By Ramen (Billionaire by Travie McCoy, 2010). The single has been released as a music video, which seems to be a trend for any new single to showcase its message visually and to reach a wider audience range, mainly through the Internet. The Billionaire is targeted towards pretty much the same audience as any hip hop/rap title, the teens and young adults, aged 15-35. It is targeted towards a specific ethnic group, as in the most cases of this genre, the mass population of the whites, who in terms spend a lot on music. The music video was filmed in the sunny California and it has been first debuted on MTV. It shows Travie driving a Mini Cooper, and helping four people and a group. The first is giving a guy a new skateboard, the second was buying an unknown, aspiring artists CD, the third was a teenager trying to hitchhike to Geneva, New York and when Travie got out of the car, he gave away the keys of the Mini. Finally giving a graffiti artist some spray-paint, for that to express the young talent within. The second location was a beach party of partygoers who ran dry on beer, and in come Travie and Bruno, handing out beers to restore life to the party. It is important to notice that there is a hidden commercial ad of the popular Tuborg beer at the 2:34 length of the video. It is latent due to the fact that the bottles and the beer box are taken from an angle that blurs the brand name. However Tuborgs green label bottles are widely known. Hence the message that is originally meant as entertainment contains latent information about youngs and their interests. The song has an opening line by Bruno Mars, whos ancestry is linked with black slaves, declares that I wanna be a billionaire so fricking bad. The status of billionaire is recognized as the minority of elites who have a billion in the countrys currency. This triggers an interest in ones consciousness; an interest of being rich along with its privileges and how would your life change. Next Bruno reinstates on that being rich means that you could have all the goodies of the universe. At this moment, some might think of happiness, others about drugs, sex or even power. For Bruno, its being on the cover of the worlds famous and most elite magazine for the rich barons called Forbes, where only a couple of lucky famous international figures show off their smiles, being on the worlds yearly rich list. This brings upon an important aspect of the media message, a historical and cultural reference. Forbes has been the ultimate publication of the rich high-ranking executives from all over the w orld; on the other hand, its a dream for the less fortunate. Furthermore, he touches upon the popular figures, an easy way to engage with the mind of the listener, by simultaneously pointing out people of similar interest and global fame; he desires to smile next to one of the worlds few black billionaires and TV host Oprah Winfrey and the Queen (most probably Queen Elizabeth II). Once again, here comes more of a historical linkage, a hidden from the logic connection between black Bruno and billionaire Oprah. Most of the American population knows Oprah and her sad story of being rape-pregnant at the age of 9, and later her tough life as a black in the neighborhoods of Mississippi. For a black African American and equally to the whites, hearing such words, not only triggers the deepest feelings and emotions of ones own past and present, but also a hope, a light at the end of the tunnel; to believe in one another and your own, in the way Oprah did it. Next comes a chorus. This time its more of an inception, a dream within a dream that Bruno already started by putting one self onto Forbes cover. Here he dreams, with every time that he closes his eyes, he visualizes his name in shinny lines, where shinny references to bold and elegant banners and titles on magazines and street billboards. Not surprisingly, Bruno tries to showcase himself as man with power and recognition, once he gains the billionaire status: I swear the world better prepare for when Im a billionaire. Furthermore, Travie, while driving around town offers agreement and support to Brunos words. Being a host of a show like Oprah means big money, here is where Travie takes more of a philanthropic billionaires position by accepting a wish list from all the people and making everyday a Christmas, a time of giving that is. Soon Travie pulls up intertextuality and points onto Brad and Angelina and their scandals that made them famous. Mainly, intertextuality is seen most in the idea of adopting kids and giving them everything what they never had before, this refers to the generosity and trend of Angelina Jolie who is known for her numerous adoptions and support for children from the gods forgotten nations. This pulls up an important point and going away from the famous clichà © of the rich being greedy, he and Angelina will go hand in hand and save the worlds little kids. The rest of the lyrics go very similar to the main plot of simply becoming a billionaire, to help the poor, to give a way goodies that gained elite status in the society, the Mercedes for ladies enjoyment for instance, here once again a cultural reference is latent as Mercedes is a status of wealth. Next Travie puts up money for the victims of the Hurricane Katrina. Here Travie touches a very important fact, mostly a political decision, again by a group of powerful and elites. He talks about the irresponsibility towards Katrinas relief by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and that he could do lots more than them. Critical to understand, why Travie talks about Katrina and not any other hurricane, when it is known that there were many more before his debut release in 2010. Mostly to trigger solidarity and emotion towards the mass population of African Americans who were victims in the city of New Orleans. All the lyrics still circle around the same idea, of the blacks being mistreated and left out. This is a very strong historical and in a way cultural reference too. Since title debuted in s ummer, a time of pleasure and party, but is linked with the unfortunate happenings of 2005 Katrina. Its a latent tribute to the less fortunate. In the final words, Travie mainly points the audiences attention to the social status and trend of being rich. At this point, different audiences depending on their social level would reason differently. Mainly what would you and your friends be once you have a billion in your bank. Here Travie does a very critical move, instead of converting the lyrics into a political propaganda, he takes it easy. He talks about playing basketball with the President. Once again there is a cultural reference, basketball mainly refers to the neighborhood game of African American teenagers. Therefore playing with the president would mean steering the presidents attention towards the difficulties of the blacks. Furthermore, he indirectly touches upon the tax law; mainly being rich means that you will pay different taxes, a social inequality. At the end, he returns to his philanthropic position and will spend the money on his family and friends, and give them the main necessities of life. This conveys a message that would be interpreted differently, but the source is the same, help the less fortunate blacks. Moving deeper into song structure, the hit uses the standard versus-chorus style. The verse and chorus are considered the primary elements. Each verse in the Billionaire has the same melody with some slight modifications towards the end, but the lyrics change for most verses. The chorus (refrain) by Bruno Mars has a melodic phrase and a key lyrical line, which is repeated: Oh every time I close my eyes. Next, the songs chord sequence is sampled directly from Sublimes 1996 track, Santeria. This was written about a guy envisioning using black magic or Santeria anything he can to get back his girl (Santeria by Sublime Song facts, 2010). Using sampled tracks in rap songs has become a wide spread trend, to bring upon a hidden context, more often this is done for the purpose of linking two similar messages. However in the case of Billionaire this is false and no intertextuality is seen. The artist has simply lent the guitar chord sequence. Furthermore, the song itself is recorded professi onally under supervision from the The Smeezingtons (producer). The music itself is high quality stereo. On top of this, the music video is shot in high definition (HD) format, a standard these days. Most of the times, the angle is equal and focus set at the people and their activities, in color, both during day and night. Finally, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), which is responsible for the promoting of the creative vitality of the major music companies, certified Billionaire as 2 times Platinum, which signifies over 2,000,000 shipments. The Billionaire single has earned both Travie McCoy and Bruno Mars significant international recognition and fame. Its a relaxing song, that not only reminds us of the various life inequalities that are faced daily by the different ethnic groups, but also it gives hope and supports a dream of each of us. Travie McCoy Billionaire Lyrics featuring Bruno Mars [Bruno Mars] I wanna be a billionaire so fricking bad buy all of the things I never had uh, I wanna be on the cover of Forbes magazine smiling next to Oprah and the Queen [Chorus] Oh every time I close my eyes I see my name in shining lights A different city every night oh I swear the world better prepare for when Im a billionaire [Travis Travie McCoy] Yeah I would have a show like Oprah I would be the host of, everyday Christmas give Travie a wish list Id probably pull an Angelina and Brad Pitt and adopt a bunch of babies that aint never had sh-t give away a few Mercedes like here lady have this and last but not least grant somebody their last wish its been a couple months since Ive single so you can call me Travie Claus minus the Ho Ho get it, hehe, Id probably visit where Katrina hit and damn sure do a lot more than FEMA did yeah cant forget about me stupid everywhere I go Imma have my own theme music [Chorus] Oh every time I close my eyes I see my name in shining lights A different city every night oh I swear the world better prepare for when Im a billionaire oh oooh oh oooh for when Im a Billionaire oh oooh oh oooh for when Im a Billionaire [Travis Travie McCoy] Ill be playing basketball with the President dunking on his delegates then Ill compliment him on his political etiquette toss a couple milli in the air just for the heck of it but keep the fives, twentys (?) completely separate and yeah Ill be in a whole new tax bracket we in recession but let me take a crack at it Ill probably take whatevers left and just split it up so everybody that I love can have a couple bucks and not a single tummy around me would know what hungry was eating good sleeping soundly I know we all have a similar dream go in your pocket pull out your wallet and put it in the air and sing [Bruno Mars] I wanna be a billionaire so fricking bad buy all of the things I never had uh, I wanna be on the cover of Forbes magazine smiling next to Oprah and the Queen [Chorus] I wanna be a billionaire so frickin bad! Reference Page Billionaire by Travie Mccoy. (2010). Retrieved December 14th, 2010 from http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=18841 RIAA Gold and Platinum. (2010, June 18). Retrieved December 18th, 2010 from http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1table=SEARCH_RESULTStitle=Billionaire%20%28FEAT.%20BRUNO%20MARS%29perPage=50 Santeria by Sublime Song facts. (2010). Retrieved December 14th, 2010 from http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=3798 Travie McCoy Music News Info | Billboard.com. (2010). Retrieved December 12th, 2010 from http://www.billboard.com/artist/travie-mccoy-featuring-bruno-mars/1318433#/song/travie-mccoy-featuring-bruno-mars/billionaire/18418635

Chang and Eng :: essays research papers

During the 1850s, and again after the Civil War, Chang and Eng returned to public exhibitions. In 1860, they met the famed showman, P. T. Barnum and worked for a brief time at his museum in New York City to support their growing families. Barnum also sponsored their tour to Europe. While in Europe, the brothers once again investigated the possibility of separation. The danger was still deemed too great, and surgery was refused. As their health declined, the brothers desired to return home, and they came back to North Carolina in the early 1870s. On January 17, 1874, Eng was awakened in the middle of the night by a strange sensation. Looking towards his brother, Eng quickly realized that Chang had died. Eng called for his son William, who ran through the house shouting "Uncle Chang is dead!" Within hours, Eng was dead, too. Several weeks later, the bodies were brought to Philadelphia by a commission appointed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. An autopsy was performed by Drs. Harrison Allen and William H. Pancoast at the MÃ ¼tter Museum. It was determined that Chang had died of a cerebral clot. It was unclear, however, why Eng had died. Some physicians suggested that he died of fright. Today, it is thought that Eng bled to death, as the blood pooled in his dead brother's body. Chang and Eng changed the way society viewed conjoined twins and people with profound physical differences. They proved that those who were different can have normal lives: jobs, spouses, and a healthy family. Chang and Eng introduced the term "Siamese Twins" into our language, and introduced the world to a side of nature that was usually hidden away, ignored, or feared. Chang and Eng led the way for numerous other conjoined twins who have since benefited from the acceptance they demanded and received from society at large. For further information on Chang and Eng Bunker, see Wallace and Wallace, 1978. THE "SIAMESE TWINS" AS CULTURAL METAPHOR By the time they died, Chang and Eng were among the most widely known people in the United States. They were the subjects of newspaper articles, books, poetry, satires, lithographs, and plays. They were also a popular subject for masquerade parties. But at that time, these United States were not so united, and in Chang and Eng, Americans saw their own political struggle embodied. Alison Pingree (1996) has documented the tensions surrounding the "Siamese Twins". Chang and Eng :: essays research papers During the 1850s, and again after the Civil War, Chang and Eng returned to public exhibitions. In 1860, they met the famed showman, P. T. Barnum and worked for a brief time at his museum in New York City to support their growing families. Barnum also sponsored their tour to Europe. While in Europe, the brothers once again investigated the possibility of separation. The danger was still deemed too great, and surgery was refused. As their health declined, the brothers desired to return home, and they came back to North Carolina in the early 1870s. On January 17, 1874, Eng was awakened in the middle of the night by a strange sensation. Looking towards his brother, Eng quickly realized that Chang had died. Eng called for his son William, who ran through the house shouting "Uncle Chang is dead!" Within hours, Eng was dead, too. Several weeks later, the bodies were brought to Philadelphia by a commission appointed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. An autopsy was performed by Drs. Harrison Allen and William H. Pancoast at the MÃ ¼tter Museum. It was determined that Chang had died of a cerebral clot. It was unclear, however, why Eng had died. Some physicians suggested that he died of fright. Today, it is thought that Eng bled to death, as the blood pooled in his dead brother's body. Chang and Eng changed the way society viewed conjoined twins and people with profound physical differences. They proved that those who were different can have normal lives: jobs, spouses, and a healthy family. Chang and Eng introduced the term "Siamese Twins" into our language, and introduced the world to a side of nature that was usually hidden away, ignored, or feared. Chang and Eng led the way for numerous other conjoined twins who have since benefited from the acceptance they demanded and received from society at large. For further information on Chang and Eng Bunker, see Wallace and Wallace, 1978. THE "SIAMESE TWINS" AS CULTURAL METAPHOR By the time they died, Chang and Eng were among the most widely known people in the United States. They were the subjects of newspaper articles, books, poetry, satires, lithographs, and plays. They were also a popular subject for masquerade parties. But at that time, these United States were not so united, and in Chang and Eng, Americans saw their own political struggle embodied. Alison Pingree (1996) has documented the tensions surrounding the "Siamese Twins".

William Blake; The schoolboy Essay -- English Literature

William Blake; The schoolboy William Blake believed in freedom of speech, democracy and ‘free love’, for these reasons he disagreed strongly with formal education and conventional teaching in both schools and churches. He believed that this constrained people stopping them from having their own thoughts. Blake believed that children who were not given a formal education would want to learn off their own accord making learning more fun and enjoyable for the child. Blake portrays these opinions in the poem ‘The schoolboy’; which he chose to write in the voice of ‘the schoolboy’ himself, to stand up for children who’s views on schooling are rarely acknowledged. Blake’s decision to use a definite article in the title; ‘The schoolboy’ shows that the poem is a biographical piece about a specific schoolboy, and allows Blake to voice his own opinions as if they were that of a school child provoking more sympathy from the reader than would simply expressing his own views, therefore making his opinions on formal education more persuasive. The poem uses strong themes of nature throughout; the first verse describes a sense of harmony between the schoolboy and nature through a positive description of the sounds of the birds which the schoolboy awakes to hear. Pathetic fallacy is used relating the ‘summer’ morn to the schoolboy’s joy for being awoken in this way. The second verse starts with the conjunction ‘but’ to link the two verses, yet show the contrast in mood between them. This negative verse outlines the child’s dread of school and brings the reader back to reality after the dream-like feel to the first stanza. The line ‘under a cruel eye outworn’ suggests that the children are exhausted by school, personif... ...is used throughout the poem referring to the stages of a person’s life as the seasons in the year, the last stanza uses this metaphor to insinuate that a persons childhood is the most important time because if they don’t learn how to have fun in the spring of their life they will not know how to enjoy themselves in the summer of life. This makes the last line of the poem particularly effective ‘when the blasts of winter appear’ as people rarely think about how the way they live their childhood will effect their later lives, this rhetorical question makes the reader contemplate whether a formal education in an early life is worth facing the regrets it will cause them to live with in later life looking back upon few happy memories. And maybe learning the joys of life and how to live to the fullest is the most important lesson to be learned within childhood.

Analysis of As You Like It by Daniel Maclise :: As You Like It Daniel Maclise Literature Essays

Analysis of As You Like It by Daniel Maclise During the time that France was divided into provinces (or dukedoms as they were called) there reigned in one of these provinces an usurper, who had deposed and banished his elder brother, the lawful duke. The duke, who was thus driven from his dominions, retired with a few faithful followers to the forest of Arden; and here the good duke lived with his loving friends, who had put themselves into a voluntary exile for his sake, while their land and revenues enriched the false usurper; and custom soon made the life of careless ease they led here more sweet to them than the pomp and uneasy splendour of a courtier's life. Here they lived like the old Robin Hood of England, and to this forest many noble youths daily resorted from the court, and did fleet the time carelessly, as they did who lived in the golden age. In the summer they lay along under the fine shade of the large forest trees, marking the playful sports of the wild deer; and so fond were they of these poor dappled fools, who seemed to be the native inhabitants of the forest, that it grieved them to be forced to kill them to supply themselves with venison for their food. When the cold winds of winter made the duke feel the cha nge of his adverse fortune, he would endure it patiently, and say: 'These chilling winds which blow upon my body are true counsellors; they do not flatter, but represent truly to me my condition; and though they bite sharply, their tooth is nothing like so keen as that of unkindness and ingratitude. I find that howsoever men speak against adversity, yet some sweet uses are to be extracted from it; like the jewel, precious for medicine, which is taken from the head of the -venomous and despised toad.' In this manner did the patient duke draw a useful moral from everything that he saw; and by the help of this moralizing turn, in that life of his, remote from public haunts, he could find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, sermons in stones, and good in everything. The banished duke had an only daughter, named Rosalind, whom the usurper, duke Frederick, when he banished her father, still retained in his court as a companion for his own daughter Celia.

Discuss one explanation of Personality Development and evaluate its conclusion

For this assignment I am going to discuss Freud's perspective of personality development. Freud used psychoanalytic theories that are based around the emotional development of the personality, whereas Erikson's psychosocial theory focuses more on the role of social factors in development. Personality development can be broken down into three strands within Freud's theory: the personality structure, defence mechanisms and psychosexual development. Personality can be defined as ‘ the distinctive and characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour that define an individual's personal style, and influence his or her interactions with the environment'. (Atkinson et al, 1992) Freud developed his theories by psychoanalysing adults, mostly middle-aged women and individuals with personality problems. He used various methods to study his patients, such as, dream analysis; which are interpretations of individual's dreams as they are a â€Å"window on the unconscious† (Davenport, 1988), free association; where the person is given a word or a phrase and encouraged to say the first thing that enters their head and ‘slips of the tongue'; which is when a person says something in error but these can subconsciously reflect what they really mean. Freud suggests that adult personality is derived from the interaction between the desires for pleasure and how early desires were gratified. He believed that all human behaviour is controlled by drives, which he relates to human instincts. Freud insisted that there are two forces feeding our instinctual urges with energy; the Libido and the Death Instinct; the Libido being a sexual energy and the Death Instinct being more of an aggressive energy. According to Freud, the adult human mind is made up of three different parts and levels of awareness; the unconscious mind, which he named the ‘Id'; the preconscious mind, which he named the ‘Superego', and the conscious mind, which he named the ‘Ego'. The Id is at the centre of a person's very being. It is the initial part of a human's personality structure, which exists, right from birth and can be described as the most primitive instinct. This part of the personality craves satisfaction and pleasure; therefore it has been coined ‘the pleasure principle'. The Ego is known as the second part of the personality structure. This is the part of our personality that keeps us in touch with reality. Its aim is to protect us and it helps us to perform tasks safely; therefore-coined ‘the reality principle'. The Ego controls both other parts of the personality, the Id and the Superego, which help keep our lives in balance. The last part of the personality structure is the Superego. This is the part that moulds our morals and conscience. It helps prevent us from doing things, which we have learnt and know to be morally wrong; therefore this part has been coined ‘the morality principle'. The ego ideal exists as part of the superego. Rather than telling us what we should not do, the ego ideal tells us what is good and what we should do and be like. If the person has a strong superego they are more likely to have stronger morals than a person with a weak superego. Because the Id and the Superego are always conflicting against one another, the Ego needs to have strategies to reduce anxiety. This helps push problems away and in a way pretending the problems don't exist, a form of denial, these are known as defence mechanisms. Another defence mechanism is repression; this is where the Id's impulses are blocked from reaching the conscious mind. There are a number of other defence mechanisms, including projection; where unacceptable desires or characteristics are projected on to someone else, and displacement; this refers to the transfer of repressed desires or impulses onto a substitute person or object. (Mike Cardwell, 2000) Freud's contributions with his theories on defence mechanisms are still being practiced today and are experienced as valid and useful. According to Freud we acquire our personalities in several stages, known as psychosexual development. Freud thought that different parts of our bodies become particularly sensitive as we grow through these different stages; he called these areas erogenous zones. (Davenport, 1988) As children grow up and are experiencing the stages of psychosexual development, different parts of their bodies become more sensitive, first the mouth, then the anus, then the phallus, and finally the genitals. The libido seeks pleasure through these erogenous zones. The five different stages of psychosexual development are labelled as: The Oral Stage – this is the first year of a baby's life where the baby gains pleasure from sucking and biting. The Id exists here right from birth. The Anal Stage – this is around the age of one to about three years where the pleasure derives from retaining and expelling faeces. At this stage the Ego begins to develop. The Phallic Stage – this is around three until six years where the sensitivity is placed around the genitals. This is the where the Oedipal Complex or the Electra Complex unfolds. It is during this stage the Superego starts to develop. The Latency Period – this is around seven until twelve years where the body seems to have no sensitised area. A child will be more interested in interacting with other people but are not strongly attracted to others. The Genital Stage – this is around the age of 14 to 17 years. The child becomes more aware of the opposite gender and a sexual awareness is developed. The Oedipal Conflict that occurs in the Phallic Stage involves the child experiencing feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent. The child experiences a fear that the same sex parent will find out and punish them for this, resulting in feelings of envy and the development of ‘castration anxiety'. Whilst all this is happening to the child subconsciously, they start to become more like the same sex parent adopting their characteristics to conquer the Oedipal Conflict, (known as the ‘Electra Complex' in girls). This is known as ‘Identification'. His ideas on psychosexual development are known to be quite controversial, as they seem to be overly obsessed with sexuality. Freud developed the theory that sex was a major motivational force at a time of great sexual repression. This could have caused sex to be something that was repressed in many minds (Beryard & Hayes, 1994). Freud alleges emotional disturbances that occur in adult life could be to do with poor psychosexual development. He believes that a person could be fixated at an early pleasure seeking stage of the development. This is caused if the child experiences severe problems or excessive gratification at any of the stages. The adult may display regression whereby their behaviour could become less mature and similar to behaviour displayed at the stage, which they are fixated. Freud places great importance on the roles of regression and fixation in determining personality. Freud's theories have not been without criticism, they have mostly been criticised for being unscientific. His research support seems to be rather weak as the case studies he carried out mainly consisted of adults, mostly middle-aged women, from the same culture, so the results may be biased. The only child Freud studied was Little Hans, a five-year-old boy, who suffered from a phobia. Freud's ‘evidence' for his explanation of how children's personalities grow does not come from experiments or any scientifically acceptable means of data collection. It doesn't even come from observing ‘normal' children. It comes from the dreams and spoken memory of a relatively small number of people who mostly lived in Vienna, who had some personality ‘problems'. (Davenport, 1988) Another method Freud used to analysis people was hypnosis. This was another widely criticised method, as even Freud admitted himself can be suggestive. However, despite many criticisms Freud remains known for having the most influential impact in modern psychology, especially in the areas of abnormal behaviour and psychotherapy. Today his ideas are used in everything from childcare, education, literary criticism, and psychiatry. He founded the psychoanalytic movement, which today many Neo-Freudians still actively use, although the emphasis of it is different.

The Blue Spider Project

Is it true when you drop labor anxiety, you either go up the organization or verboten the verge? Yes that is the truth, be piss on that point are except both natess you deal go from program instruction, to wit up to the organization or out the door. There are only in truth few engineers who failed in program management and permitted to return to the throw. In real life, flunk managing a cipher means you ordain get fi redness in roughly exercises. In this case the forecast private instructor should count himself lucky of getting venture his put-on as an engineer.Is it possible for an conclusion payr to take too much of an rice beer in an R&D cast? Yes it is possible, just now it is to a greater extent primary(prenominal) that the leap out theater director concentrates more on the administrative mildew. If the solve of an executive is suppressing individuality of the fit aggroup outgrowths it exit be too much of an interest, because every team memb er should have the possibility to contribute in their own way.Should capital of Minnesota Evans has been permitted to fib knowledge to Gable before give notice (of)ing it to the envision passenger vehicle? In the bingle yield he has to report to him every morn with the raw data results of the previous days, but in the other hand Paul Evans himself thinks that Gable might manipulate them, because he thinks this is his own project. In most cases this should non be all(a)owed because the information can be used against the project manager. It would be a better solution that the project manager should be informed at outset if the information might strongly influence the project.Is it customary for the project manager to fixate all of the handouts for a customer exchange meeting? Yes of course, it is necessary because every angiotensin-converting enzyme of them call for a copy of all handouts to be presented at last 3 days before. Furthermore it is essential for them, becau se they want to scrutinize the data. Furthermore it is necessary for them to make the right decisions and avoid mistakes. The most recommended liaison for a project manager is to release the minutes on his own because he can be sure that aught is interpreting any decision or discussion in a haywire way afterwards. Gary must take in consideration that all administrative work is necessary and should be taken serious, because angiotensin converting enzyme day it might become an enormousness at a later submit of the project to have right decision and information by the customer.What happens when a military post of mistrust occurs amongst the customer and contractile organ? If at that place is a situation of mistrust, genteelness the frequency of interchange meeting from hotshot meeting per month up to ane meeting per week is important. alone the proscribe thing of this change is the huge sum up of paperwork. Meetings could also be postponed which leads to a period delay . Furthermore, to improve the interchange of information between the contractor and the customer, the contractor should place slightly stuff to the companionship of the customer.Should a project manager ever censor no-count innovatives?The project manager has to report about the performance. Insufficient performance leave alone provoke a negative answer of a project sponsor. We think a project manager should deliver near all the facts as soon as possible and as objectively as possible. There are three possibilities of positive the performance and to have an overlook of a work package. First the green job light, which means, everything is on the right way. Then there is the orange traffic light which tells the project manager to talk to the project team first, to find possible solutions for the problems. An least the red one, which leads to an report from the project manager to the swiftness management to get help.Could the in a high place- mentioned problems have been f irm if there had been a unmatched methodological analysis for project management in place? It is a tricky task to rent the most suitable project management methodology due to the fact that there are a few heaps of factors that should be considered. There is no better or bad methodology only the most suitable one. I intend that the missing communication and the violation of communications protocol were the main reasons for the above mentioned problems. Some methodologies could be the lechatelierite method and falls method.The crystal method focuses on communication, while the waterfall method focuses on the protocol issue. However, theabove mentioned problems would not occur if there was a good communication between the responsible for(p) sight. A project manager who can communicate thoroughly and effectively with his team, his customer, and his company leadership will go far. He will have a higher degree of customer satisfaction. His team will be better engaged and apprehen d what is expected of them. So in this case study the project manager is one of the people to be blamed.Can a singular methodology for project management depose moralisticity and ethics in dealings with customers? If so, how do we then handle situations where the project manager violates protocol? When it comes to project management, ethics which are defined as the moral values and beliefs, are extremely important in gaining the support of the project team and customers. It is so much easier to point the fingers at one individual. However, ethically no person should be singled out for the project failure. A methodology called PRINCE might lead to more objective evaluation and assessment of project. But with the addition that it only helps the responsible people to handle ethnics and is not doing the whole job for them.A singular methodology cannot specify morality and ethnics in dealing with customers. Could the lessons assureed on success and failure during project debriefin gs cause a major change in the project management methodology? Reflecting go out is an element of the final project report with the explicit objective of knowledge enrapture for future projects. This report has to be compiled by the project manager and includes conclusions and recommendations in the common sense of summarizing what can be improved in future projects. The blue spider project will not benefit a lot from the debriefing because the mistakes had already been through with(p) and the project finished. But the project manager Gary and his team could use this knowledge in order to choose a new project management methodology and learn from their mistakes.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

Brutus in an Honorable Man.

Estne Virtus? Confucius state that, hatful with up functionness essentialiness spill the beans out(a) population who chat atomic number 18 non tot exclusivelyy vestal. Confucius lived in mainland China slightly vitamin D BCE and subdued sassy opinions on sexual morality, politics, ethics, and different(a) lift ideas. til straight elbow room today, thousands of years later, some(prenominal) population conceive in Confucianism. Confucius was conductually pas brandg. In Shakespe ares Julius Caesar no hu mankind is much(prenominal) vocal than Brutus. He assassinates Caesar, pleads to the masses for their support, and conducts warfare with Octavian and Marc Anthony. s trough is he clear? Brutus is non needfully spotless he does all of these runs to larn credit and to presentation his reward.Every genius should be after to be stark(a). However, as take upn by Marc Antony and Cassius manipulating Brutus and Brutuss goal, inordinate inte rest group of justness advise be detri custodytal. Brutuss excessive fixation for justness leads to his failure. Brutus drive ins Julius Caesar however Cassius manages to stave Brutus against Caesar by taking receipts of Brutuss obsession with truth. Cassius urges Brutus to destine of the realism and annihilate Caesar for the wide of ca cariesal of Italy (1. 2 329). Cassius explains to Brutus that Caesar must be use uped in find to defend capital of Italy, and non be create of every other reason, cor answering Cassiuss jealousy.Cassius explains that Caesar is unfit, apothegm that Caesar rat non nevertheless dr give, and deplor fitting to rule Rome, express that Brutus is to a gravider extent than fit. Brutus does non respond to the statements make by Cassius, and draws much than than wariness to the worldwide shouts of the quite a little (1. 2 139). Brutus avoids the questions and must order futurity of Cassiuss cogitate, Brutus inescapably m easure to retrieve if the crew is complete(a) or non (1. 2 174). If saturated, past he pass on act. Although Brutus does reserve that Brutus had quite a be a villager / than to value himself a son of Rome / to a lower place these unassailable conditions at this m / is worry to worldly upon us (1. 181-184). Brutus dislikes the profane that the shogunate of Caesar brings to Rome. He commends it detracts from his consume virtue. He cares for his virtue. by and by on, Cassius as well as sends earn to Brutus make up as papistical citizens. Cassius gives Brutus the postage that citizens rap him to deliver, strike, and insurance (2. 1 49). When Brutus thinks that the deal extremity Caesar to fall, Brutus tells himself that he joins the faction for the deal. In actuality, he joins the junto non to save up the nation save to try out virtue, to case better, more virtuous, in the eyeball of the papistic population.Brutus is non touch for the bulk, sa ve for his compute when he joins the gang. Brutus should fine-tune Marc Antony when he has the chance, and non be so bear on for his give learn. For instance, when Cassius proposes to Brutus that they tear Antony on with Caesar, Brutus thinks that by cleanup Antony the people give advert to him as mow down and non a sacrificer (2. 1 179). Instead, Brutus destinys the conspirators to appear to the mutual look as purgers, non murderers (2. 1 192 193). This shows that Brutus bases his choices on whether or non people would mint him as virtuous.Although, he acts foolishly, for he not yet prevents the conspirators from violent death Antony, he allows Antony, Caesars right cash in anes chips man, to communicate drop dead in Caesars funeral. To Brutus, Antony can do nada more than Caesars encircle / When Caesars manoeuvre is solidus aside (2. 1 195-196). Brutus lets Antony speak because it would be viewed as an act of humanity and kindness to what was an a dversary previously. When Antony enters the pulpit after Brutus, he wins the agitate and convinces them of the conspiracys sinister. The crowd, the roman letters people, outright want to vex open fire to the traitors houses (3. 269). Brutus thinks he fend fors for the people, though the people think otherwise. If Brutus had killed Antony, and not been so bear on slightly virtue, Brutus would gravel been able to uphold in Rome, go forward love by his people. Brutus commits self-destruction because he believes that doing so pass on cause people government issue think of him as virtuous. Brutus is remaining to skin Antony and Octavian by himself at battle of Philippi because Cassius kills himself. clear-sighted the circumstances, Brutus would alternatively chute in the pit himself than mill around till they propel him (5. 28-29). Brutus would expert as shortly kill himself than stimulate himself killed. His reasoning coiffe from the roman print judgement th at when a soul faces dis pay back, by chance a multitude loss, kill nonpareilself is a virtuous way to excuse gain honor in enmity of what occurred. He declares I love / the secernate of honor more than he fears death and so he runs onto his sword (1. 2 95-96). In doing so Brutus has now infernal the rescue of the republic for the people. If Brutus had cared for the people, he would view go on to fight for them. Brutus shows that, ontrary to what he says, he has the close anxiety for his own image and not the eudaemonia of the papistical people. Brutus is a egotistical man, not a virtuous man. Brutus fails not because he obtains an excessive sum of money of virtue, and because he hunt down for virtue excessively. He hunts for doughnut and virtue so obsessively that he loses sand of what he believes in. Brutus is know to m whatever an(prenominal) as the man of great virtue. Although, the virtue of Brutus is forced, unnatural. In the end, this in itself is not virtuous. Virtue, or any characteristic, comes from the way of life in which an action is performed and not the result.Odysseus is a same man. He does many an(prenominal) virtuous acts, although he acts knowingly that his effect, the result of his actions, leave behind be virtuous. Odysseus took on two Scylla and Charybdis, evil sea monsters, so he himself could expose his superior(p) virtue. legion(predicate) of his shipmates, and close to himself, are killed. Odysseus survives beget more virtuous, more honorable, for go both monsters. Although, if one looks towards how these men performed these actions, they see no virtue. aft(prenominal) all, it is not what one does, and how one does it.